AnimaliaIUCN VUApproved Recent Sighting
Epinephelus itajara
Goliath Grouper
Lichtenstein, 1822
Detailed Texts Multi-lang
The largest grouper in the Western Atlantic, with a massive body, broad head, and mottled coloration that helps it camouflage on the bottom.
Added by
Anonymous Curator
Reviewed by
Julia Trouin
Last modified by
Julia Trouin
Taxonomy
PhylumChordata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderPerciformes
FamilyEpinephelidae
GenusEpinephelus
Taxonomic AuthorityLichtenstein, 1822
Ecology & Status
Origin
Native
Population Trend
Increasing
Breeding Season
Year Round
Trophic Role
Carnivore
Recent Sightings
Yes
Habitat Summary Multi-lang
Inhabits reefs, shipwrecks, and estuarine areas, showing a preference for submerged structures in shallow waters.Behaviour Multi-lang
Solitary and highly territorial predator.Social Activity Multi-lang
Primarily solitary, except during spawning aggregation season.Feeding Guild Multi-lang
Ambush predator that suctions prey like crustaceans and fish.Trophic Chain Details Multi-lang
Top predator fundamental for reef health.Reproductive Behaviour Multi-lang
Forms spawning aggregations at specific sites.Physical Measures
Length (cm)
50.0 - 250.0 cm
Weight (Grams)
1.00 kg - 300.00 kg
Offspring per cycle1000000 - 5000000
Sexual DimorphismNo
Lifespan
Sexual Maturity
6 - 8 Years
Gestation / Incubation
--
Lifespan Estimated
Males40 Years
Females40 Years
Evolutionary Adaptations Multi-lang
Ability to emit low-frequency sounds through the contraction of swim bladder muscles.
Main Threats Multi-lang
Historically overexploited, currently under strict protection measures due to its slow growth.
Interesting Facts Multi-lang
They are protogynous hermaphrodites, born as females and changing to males upon reaching very large sizes.